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The global phase diagram of van der Waals binary fluid revisited

Where: EQUIFASE 2009 - Praia da Rocha -Portimao - Portugal Dates: 17th October 2009 - 21st October 2009

A Global Phase Diagram (GPD) corresponds to a parametric plot that unequivocally maps entire ranges over which fluid mixtures exhibit similar equilibrium behavior (i.e. presence, persistence or absence of: azeotropic phenomena, partial miscibility, multiple phase equilibrium, singular critical states, etc), and their coordinates are either given by the critical properties of the mixture’s constituents or by the parameters of an equation of state (EOS). In general, and constraining our attention to the behavior of critical states, GPDs allow a practical classification of the fluid phase equilibrium behavior of mixtures in terms set of “Types”, thus suggesting which models (or model improvements) are required for predicting a real equilibrium behavior. Since the seminal work of van Konynenburg and Scott, GPDs have become the most general approach for systematizing the capability of an equation of state for predicting phase diagrams of binary systems. However, despite of their physical significance, GPDs have been calculated for a limited group of EOS models only, and for a constrained range of molecular sizes. For example, the GPD of the van der Waals EOS is precisely known -although yet incomplete- for molecules of equal size only. This work is undertaken to completely characterize the main features of the GPD of van der Waals binary fluids –a reference model for treating fluid mixtures- in terms of the molecular size of the constituents of the mixture.

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Mechanical­ binodal states: a new and robust approach for calculatin­g and sistematiz­ing azeotropic­ phenomena in multicompo­nent fluid mixtures

Where: EQUIFASE 2009 - Praia da Rocha -Portimao - Portugal Dates: 17th October 2008 - 21st October 2008

The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of non-reactive azeotropic mixtures and the boiling point of a pure fluids share the common attribute of being characterized by the coexistence of vapor and liquid phases of equivalent mole fraction. Following this latter analogy, the scope of this work is to theoretically demonstrate that the phase equilibrium conditions of azeotropic mixtures may be reduced, without loss of rigor, to a simpler problem that involves the necessary conditions of the VLE of a pure fluid. For that purpose, the mixture is characterized by a pseudo-pure fluid with the mole fraction of the azeotropic mixture, whose equilibrium state – here called mechanical binodal state - may be efficiently solved by using standard algorithms for calculating vapor pressures. The present approach is especially adequate for calculating, parameterizing and/or predicting azeotropy from every type of vapor-liquid equilibrium model and, additionally, it works successfully from extremely low temperatures up to the critical range. Examples are discussed considering binary and ternary mixtures that exhibit single to various azeotropes.

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